[26] Major General Israel Putnam chose Redding as the winter encampment quarters for some 3,000 regulars and militia under his command. Using the newly compiled lists of potential voters, the managers were told to get all the eligibles to the town meetings, and help the young men qualify to vote. Connecticut started off with the raw materials of abundant running water and navigable waterways, and using the Yankee work ethic quickly became an industrial leader. However, the law required that such unions be called "civil unions", and that the title of marriage be limited to those unions whose parties are of the opposite sex. [12], The three River Towns, Wethersfield, Windsor and Hartford, had created a general government when faced with the demands of a war. The Governor of New York issued arrest warrants for residents of Greenwich, Rye, and Stamford, and founded a settlement north of Tarrytown in what Connecticut considered part of its territory in May 1682. Also in 1913 it was hit by an anti-trust lawsuit by the federal government and was forced to give up its trolley systems. The French General the Comte de Rochambeau celebrated the first Catholic Mass in Connecticut at Lebanon in summer 1781 while marching through the state from Rhode Island to rendezvous with General George Washington in Dobbs Ferry, New York. [75], On April 11, 2012 the State House of Representatives voted to end the state's rarely enforced death penalty; the State Senate having previously passed the measure on April 5. The Alabama State Legislature is the state legislature of Alabama.It is a bicameral body composed of the Alabama House of Representatives, with 105 members, and the Alabama State Senate, with 35 members.In the 2010 elections, Republicans gained control of both chambers for the first time since 1874.. The state took a leading role in the industrial revolution of the United States, with its many factories establishing a worldwide reputation for advanced machinery. In the 1750s, the western frontier remained on the other side of New York. Governor Andros praised their industry and government, but after he read them his commission, he demanded their charter. On January 14, 1639, freemen from these three settlements ratified the "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut" in what John Fiske called "the first written constitution known to history that created a government. [32], In 1832, Quaker schoolteacher Prudence Crandall created the first integrated schoolhouse in the United States by admitting Sarah Harris, the daughter of a free African-American farmer in the local community, to her Canterbury Female Boarding School in Canterbury. Original Connecticut Colony settlements were at Windsor in 1633; at Wethersfield in 1634; and in 1636, at Hartford and Springfield, (the latter was administered by Connecticut until defecting in 1640.) In the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, 65 state residents were killed. Religious and civic leaders in Connecticut around 1700 were distressed by the colony-wide decline in personal religious piety and in church discipline. Indian pressures were relieved for some time by success in the ferocious Pequot War. 8, No. Connecticut's contribution to the war also included the large number of Indian allies they brought into the war, including the Mohegans, led by Uncas and the Pequots, of which a small population had reformed from runaway slaves taken at the end of the Pequot War. The Mohegan Reservation gained political recognition shortly thereafter and, in 1994, opened another successful casino (Mohegan Sun) near the town of Uncasville. The Western Reserve, which Connecticut received in recompense for giving up all claims to any Pennsylvania land in 1786, constituted a strip of land in what is currently northeast Ohio, 120 miles (190 km) wide from east to west bordering Lake Erie and Pennsylvania. The New York City skyline can be seen from the park. A Conversation with Albert Woodfox & Mayor Ras Baraka. When World War I broke out in 1914, Connecticut's large machine industry received major contracts from British, Canadian, and French interests, as well as the U.S. forces. At the beginning of the 1960s, the increased job market gave the state the highest per capita income in the nation. The Legislature meets in the Alabama State House (officially designated as such by … Fairfield County, Connecticut's Gold Coast, was a favorite residence of many executives who worked in New York City. Based on the above preparatory work, Governor Lamont proposed, and the legislature included, the supportive housing benefit in the state’s biennial budget. [48], The state enthusiastically supported the American war effort in 1917–1918, with large purchases of war bonds and a further expansion of war industry, and emphasis on increasing food production in the farms. The hero of the movement was Yale English professor Governor Wilbur Lucius Cross (1931–1939), who emulated much of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies by creating new public services, contributing to infrastructure projects, and instituting a minimum wage. Governor Jonathan Trumbull was elected every year from 1769 to 1784. Gov. On May 1, 1637, leaders of Connecticut Colony's river towns each sent delegates to the first General Court held at the meeting house in Hartford. Eaton found a good location in spring 1638 which he named New Haven. By submitting this form, you are granting: Harriet Beecher Stowe Center, 77 Forest Street, Hartford, Connecticut, 06105, United States, http://www.harrietbeecherstowe.org permission to email you. [9] The leaders were John Davenport, a Puritan minister, and Theophilus Eaton, a wealthy merchant who brought £3000 to the venture. The participation of Native Allies is in a large part responsible for the Colonial Victory, and this participation was largely due to Connecticut's involvement, as they generally had the best relationships with their local Native tribes, in particular the Mohegans. The Merritt Parkway was constructed in this period as part of the investment in infrastructure. This agreement was never really accepted, however, and boundary disputes continued. More complex was the situation of Senator Thomas Dodd, a Democrat who had been censured by the Senate for his misuse of campaign funds. Aside from some taxes demanded and sent to Boston, Connecticut also mostly ignored the new government. The rural Yankee Democrats battled the urban Irish for control of the state party. [16] Given the numbers of Native troops fighting with the colonists, along with estimates of Native populations, it is likely that an even larger proportion of Native troops served with Connecticut. Evidence of human presence in the Connecticut region dates to as much as 10,000 years ago. The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, commonly called the New Haven, dominated Connecticut travel after 1872. His machine, says Lockard, was "efficient, conservative, penurious, and in absolute control. He helped Isabella draft a bill to the Connecticut Legislature giving married women the same property rights as their husbands. Just as Yale College dominated Connecticut's intellectual life, the Congregational church dominated religion in the colony. Although the region had been called Westmoreland County, Connecticut, it has no relationship with the current Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. [64] These party leaders controlled their legislative delegations and ran the state conventions that selected nominees for the top offices. In the early 20th century, immigrants came from eastern and southern Europe. The name Connecticut is derived from the Mohegan-Pequot word that has been translated as "long tidal river" and "upon the long river",[3] referring to the Connecticut River. [5] Some of these groups continue to abide in Connecticut, including the Mohegans, the Pequots, and the Paugusetts.[6]. Hurricane Irene struck Connecticut August 28 with the storm blamed for the deaths of three residents. Samuel Stone led a group of about 100 who, in 1636, founded the settlement of Hartford, named for Stone's place of birth: Hertford, in England. They gave up their theocracy but became well integrated, with numerous important leaders and (after Yale opened in 1701), influential academics. Eli Whitney of New Haven was a leader of the engineers and inventors who made the state a world leader in machine tools and industrial technology generally. The increased standard of living could be seen in the various suburban neighborhoods that began to develop outside major cities. These included the 2003 removal from office of the mayors of Bridgeport, Joseph P. Ganim on 16 corruption charges,[72] as well as Waterbury mayor Philip A. Giordano, who was charged with 18 counts of sexual abuse of two girls.[73]. [61] Ken Burns focused on Waterbury's munitions production in his 2007 miniseries The War. After Cromwell died three regicides who (with Cromwell) had voted to execute King Charles I escaped from England and hid in New Haven. The Republicans dominated state politics after 1896, and had a lock on the legislature where the one-town, one representative rule guaranteed that small rural towns could easily outvote the growing cities. The crisis ended on the third day, and Grasso won accolades from all state sectors for her leadership and strength.[68]. In 1987, Hartford became the first United States city to elect an African-American woman as mayor, Carrie Saxon Perry. Bailey's usual success in dictating the state ticket was upset in 1970, when the Republican gubernatorial candidate, Congressman Thomas Meskill, defeated a lackluster Democrat. The legislature, controlled by the Old Lights, in 1742 passed an "Act for regulating abuses and correcting disorder in ecclesiastical affairs" that sharply restricted ministers from leading revivals. The American Embargo and the British blockade during the War of 1812 severely hurt the export business, and bolstered the Federalists who strongly opposed the Embargo and the War of 1812. Gubernatorial powers were also expanded as well as increased independence for courts by allowing their judges to serve life terms. Called today "the Father of Connecticut," Thomas Hooker was a towering figure in the early development of colonial New England. Connecticut played an active role in the American Revolution, and became a bastion of the conservative, business-oriented, Constitutionalism Federalist Party. A number of Connecticut men became Union generals; Gideon Welles was a moderate whom Lincoln made Secretary of the Navy. "[47] Until the New Deal coalition of the 1930s pulled ethnic voters solidly into the Democratic Party, Roraback was unbeatable with his strong rural organization, funding from the business community, conservative policies, and a hierarchical party organization. [15] The colonists had seen some Indians as a potential deadly threat, and mobilized during both the Pequot war and King Philip's War to eliminate them. The economic recession that began in 2007 took a heavy toll of receipts, and by 2012 both the Mohegan Sun and Foxwoods were deeply in debt.[70]. The consociations (where laymen were powerless) could impose discipline on specific churches and judge disputes that arose. Thousands of state, local and volunteer groups mobilized for the war effort, and were coordinated by the Connecticut State Council of Defense. [46] J. Henry Roraback was the Republican state leader from 1912 to his death in 1937. [53] Since transatlantic civilian travel was almost impossible in 1914–20, the flow of new immigrants ended. Silesky argues that Connecticut followed the same procedure for the rest of the century. Their children, born in the U.S. and bilingual, flourished economically in the prosperous 1920s. [74], The state's criminal justice system also dealt with the first execution in the state since 1960, the 2005 execution of serial killer Michael Ross and was rocked by the July 2007 home invasion murders in Cheshire. "The Journal of Negro History", "Prudence Crandall", Vol. The Great Awakening bitterly divided Congregationalists between the "New Lights" who welcomed the revivals, and the "Old Lights" who used governmental authority to suppress revivals. Lamont, Chief State’s Attorney and more join News 8 for first edition of This Week in Connecticut Video [43], The automotive revolution came much faster than anyone expected, especially the railroads. Friday Closed Saturday Closed Sunday Closed. The Democrats had more internal dissension over issues, particularly the liberalism of William Jennings Bryan, and they were weakened in general elections. With less competition and lower costs, there supposedly would be higher profits. In the Treaty of Hartford in 1638, the various New England colonies and their Native allies divided the lands of the Pequots, along with surviving Pequots, taken captive by the various tribes, amongst themselves. Farming on the poor soil of the colony was a formula for poverty and discouragement. The good port locations in Massachusetts had been taken, but with the removal of the Pequot Indians, there were good harbors available on Long Island Sound. You may unsubscribe via the link found at the bottom of every email. The old WASP element was still a factor in rural Connecticut, but Catholics comprised 44% of the state's population and dominated all of the industrial cities. [45] Most of the factory workers voted Republican, except the Irish Catholics who were Democrats, so most of the industrial cities voted Republican. While they periodically attempted to regain their land, they were continuously repulsed, until, in December 1783, a commission ruled in favor of Pennsylvania. Between the birth of the U.S. patent system in 1790 and 1930, Connecticut had more patents issued per capita than any other state; in the 1800s, when the U.S. as a whole was issued one patent per three thousand population, Connecticut inventors were issued one patent for every 700–1000 residents. The state was the first to pass a law permitting civil unions without a prior court proceeding. It was officially established until 1818, and the residents of each town were all required to attend Sunday services and to pay taxes to support it (or else prove they supported a Baptist or some other Protestant church). Rowland later plead guilty to federal charges, and his successor M. Jodi Rell, focused her administration on reforms in the wake of the Rowland scandal. The state was known for its political conservatism, typified by its Federalist party and the Yale College of Timothy Dwight. : State's Damage From Superstorm Sandy $360M and Climbing,", New England Town Meeting: Democracy in Action, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Connecticut&oldid=990720666, Articles with dead external links from April 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from September 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Daniels, Bruce C. "Economic Development in Colonial and Revolutionary Connecticut: An Overview,", Daniels, Bruce C. "Democracy and Oligarchy in Connecticut Towns-General Assembly Officeholding, 1701-1790", Daniels, Bruce C. "Antiquarians and Professionals: The Historians of Colonial Connecticut,", Meyer, Freeman W. "The Evolution of the Interpretation of Economic Life in Colonial Connecticut,", This page was last edited on 26 November 2020, at 03:33. As wealthier whites moved to suburbs, African American and Latino made up a higher proportion of urban populations, reflecting their later arrival in the Great Migration and immigration, and relative inability to find and move to other jobs. The educational and intellectual establishment was strongly led by Yale College, by scholars such as Noah Webster and by writers such as Mark Twain, who lived in Connecticut after establishing his association with the Mississippi River. Many prominent townspeople objected and pressured to have Harris dismissed from the school, but Crandall refused. The main development after the Civil War was the consolidation of many small local lines into the New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad – popularly called "the Consolidated." The Saybrook Platform was a new constitution for the Congregational church in 1708. 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